Nahw — Syntax

الفَاعِل

al-fāʿil

The doer (grammatical subject of a verb)


The noun in the nominative whose verb is mentioned before it.

الفَاعِلُal-fāʿilThe doer
The noun in rafʿ whose verb is mentioned before it.
Al-Ājurrūmiyya, the chapter on the fāʿil.

Note what the definition does not say: it does not say “the one who performs the action.” The fāʿil is a syntactic office, not a description of who did what. In “Zaydun māta” — Zayd died — Zayd performs nothing, yet he is the fāʿil, because the verb is mentioned before him and he is in rafʿ.

قَامَ زَيْدٌ

“Zayd stood.” Qāma is the verb; Zaydun is the fāʿil in rafʿ, its sign being the ḍamma.

Sources

  • المقدمة الآجروميةAl-Muqaddima al-ĀjurrūmiyyaIbn Ājurrūm (d. 723 AH)

    The primer every student of Nahw begins with; the ḥadd (definition) of each term below is its wording.

  • قطر الندى وبلّ الصدىQaṭr al-Nadā wa Ball al-ṢadāIbn Hishām (d. 761 AH)

In the glossary

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The noun in the nominative with which a sentence begins, free of any expressed governor.

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