Nahw — Syntax

الخَبَر

al-khabar

The predicate


The noun in the nominative that is predicated of the mubtadaʾ, and by which the sense of the sentence is completed.

الخَبَرُal-khabarPredicate
The noun in rafʿ that is predicated of the mubtadaʾ.
Al-Ājurrūmiyya, the chapter on the mubtadaʾ and the khabar.

A mubtadaʾ alone tells the listener nothing: say “Zayd” and he waits. The khabar is what he was waiting for. This is why the grammarians say the sentence is not a sentence until the fāʾida — the benefit, the completed sense — has landed.

Single and clausal

  • Single (mufrad): “Zaydun qāʾimun” — Zayd is standing.
  • A clause (jumla): “Zaydun abūhu qāʾimun” — Zayd, his father is standing.
  • A quasi-clause (shibh jumla) — a preposition-phrase or an adverbial: “Zaydun fī-l-dāri.”

زَيْدٌ فِي الدَّارِ

“Zayd is in the house.” The khabar is the prepositional phrase; the grammarians say it is related to an omitted khabar — “Zayd is [present] in the house.”

Sources

  • المقدمة الآجروميةAl-Muqaddima al-ĀjurrūmiyyaIbn Ājurrūm (d. 723 AH)

    The primer every student of Nahw begins with; the ḥadd (definition) of each term below is its wording.

  • ألفية ابن مالكAlfiyyat Ibn MālikIbn Mālik (d. 672 AH)

In the glossary

Related entries

naḥwالمُبْتَدَأThe subject of a nominal sentence

The noun in the nominative with which a sentence begins, free of any expressed governor.

Read entry
naḥwالإعْرابCase and mood inflection

The change that comes over the end of a word because of the governor that enters upon it — whether the change is pronounced or only intended.

Read entry
The sentenceThe nounIʿrāb