دروس اللغة العربية — الكتاب الثالث
Durūs al-Lugha III
Madinah Arabic, Book Three
The book that hands the student over to the grammarians: the passive, the derived forms, the manṣūbāt in full, the weak verb, and the noun barred from tanwīn.
6 lessons
The set text
- دروس اللغة العربية لغير الناطقين بهاDurūs al-Lughat al-ʿArabiyya li-Ghayr al-Nāṭiqīna bihā (the Madinah books)
Three graded books that teach the language from the first sentence to the beginnings of iʿrāb, with no translation and no English crutch.
By the end of it
- Turn an active sentence into the passive and name what happened to each of its parts.
- Parse a sentence containing a ḥāl, a tamyīz or an absolute object.
- Read an unvowelled sentence and supply its endings correctly.
Lessons
المبني للمجهولThe passive
The fāʿil is deleted, the mafʿūl takes his place in rafʿ and is renamed nāʾib al-fāʿil, and the verb changes its vowels: kutiba al-darsu.
ReadingBook 3, lessons 1–3.
Recording to followEntries this lesson definesالفَاعِلThe doer (grammatical subject of a verb)المَفْعُول بهThe direct object
الفعل المزيدThe augmented verb
Aʿlama, ʿallama, istaghfara: a letter added to the root adds a meaning to it — causation, intensity, seeking. The student meets the patterns here and will measure them in Ṣarf.
ReadingBook 3, lessons 4–7.
Recording to followEntries this lesson definesالمِيزان الصَّرْفيThe morphological scaleالمَصْدَرThe verbal noun
المشتقّاتThe derived nouns: doer, done-to, and the rest
Kātib, maktūb, maktab, miftāḥ: from one root, the one who acts, the thing acted upon, the place and the instrument — each on its own known pattern.
ReadingBook 3, lessons 8–11.
Recording to followEntries this lesson definesاسْم الفَاعِلThe active participleالمِيزان الصَّرْفيThe morphological scale
المنصوباتThe manṣūbāt: ḥāl, tamyīz and the absolute object
Beyond the object there is a whole family in naṣb: the circumstantial ḥāl (jāʾa rākiban), the specifying tamyīz (imtalaʾa al-kūbu māʾan), and the absolute object that confirms its own verb (ḍarabtu ḍarban).
ReadingBook 3, lessons 12–16.
Recording to followEntries this lesson definesالمَفْعُول بهThe direct objectالمَصْدَرThe verbal noun
الفعل المعتلّThe weak verb
When one of the root letters is wāw or yāʾ or alif, the pattern bends: waʿada → yaʿidu, qāla → yaqūlu, ramā → yarmī. The rules of iʿlāl are met as facts here, and derived in Ṣarf.
ReadingBook 3, lessons 17–20.
Recording to followEntries this lesson definesالمِيزان الصَّرْفيThe morphological scale
الممنوع من الصرفThe noun barred from tanwīn
Some nouns refuse the tanwīn and take a fatḥa where a kasra is due: masājidu, Ibrāhīmu, ʿUmara. Nine causes bar a noun from ṣarf, and the reader who does not know them will mis-vowel the Qurʾān.
ReadingBook 3, lessons 21–24, with revision.
Recording to followEntries this lesson definesالإعْرابCase and mood inflection