قطر الندى وبلّ الصدى
Qaṭr al-Nadā wa Ball al-Ṣadā
Qatr al-Nada — intermediate Nahw
Ibn Hishām's matn with his own commentary: everything the Ājurrūmiyya asserted is now argued, qualified and evidenced — and the exceptions are named.
6 lessons
The set text
- قطر الندى وبلّ الصدىQaṭr al-Nadā wa Ball al-Ṣadā
Ibn Hishām's own matn with his own sharḥ — the step between the primer and the Alfiyya.
By the end of it
- Distinguish the muʿrab from the mabnī and say why each word is what it is.
- Parse a line of poetry, supplying the estimated (muqaddar) endings.
- Hold the seven definite classes and their order apart.
Lessons
الكلمة وأقسامها وعلاماتهاThe word, its classes and its signs
Ibn Hishām restates the three classes but this time by their distinguishing marks: the noun by jarr, tanwīn and the article; the verb by qad, the sīn, sawfa and the tāʾ of the feminine.
Recording to followالمعرب والمبنيّThe declinable and the built
Not every ending moves. The pronouns, the demonstratives, the relatives and the conditionals are mabnī — they keep one ending and take their case in maḥall, in position only.
Recording to followEntries this lesson definesالإعْرابCase and mood inflection
النكرة والمعرفةThe indefinite and the seven definites
The definite is seven: the pronoun, the proper name, the demonstrative, the relative, the one with al-, the one annexed to any of these, and the vocative intended.
Recording to followالمبتدأ والخبرThe nominal sentence, argued
Now the hard cases: when the khabar must come first, when the mubtadaʾ may be indefinite, and the khabar that is a whole sentence or a mere ẓarf.
Recording to followEntries this lesson definesالمُبْتَدَأThe subject of a nominal sentenceالخَبَرThe predicate
النواسخThe abrogators: kāna, inna and ẓanna
Three families overturn the nominal sentence: kāna raises and opens, inna opens and raises, and ẓanna — she takes both parts at once and puts them both in naṣb.
Recording to followEntries this lesson definesالمُبْتَدَأThe subject of a nominal sentenceالخَبَرThe predicate
الإضافة والتوابعAnnexation and the followers
Annexation strips the first noun of its tanwīn and lowers the second; it is on the meaning of “of”, “from” or “in”. Then the four followers, with their disagreements.
Recording to followEntries this lesson definesالإعْرابCase and mood inflection
Entries covered by this course
And then
A thousand lines of rajaz that hold Nahw and Ṣarf entire, read with Sharḥ Ibn ʿAqīl. The text the Shaykh spent a year on in Morocco, and the end of the path.
Open the courseSpeech that fits its situation. The three sciences in their order: maʿānī — what the structure of a sentence does; bayān — how one meaning is said many ways; badīʿ — what adorns it once it is sound.
Open the course